Deno’s Garden

Viburnum opulus

Genus Viburnum

This source reports 6 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around April 29, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on April 28, 2025.

  1. Clean the flesh off the seed

  2. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  5. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    4 germinated in this phase.

  6. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  7. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 1.5 years from start to sowing. Then 77 days to germinate.

70% germination in 28–77 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228Public domain
Show the original text
Viburnum (Caprlfollaceae). Viburnums divide into two groups. The first group germ. in a 40-70 pattern. The cotyledons develop within a week or two after germination. This group is adapted to germination in spring and immediate leaf development and growth. The second group germ. in a 40-70-40 pattern with extension into a 40-70-40-70-40 pattern. Germination takes place in a cycle at 40. The seedlings must be kept at 40 for two to three months after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop properly on shifting to 70. Puncturing. the seed coat had no effect in three species. All seed was WC for 1-2 w. Germination was stimulated by GA-3 in V. opulis germ. 70-40(3%)-70-40(62% in 2-8 w) and 40-70-40(18%)-70(3%)- 40(16%)-70-40(14%) for fresh seed, 70(15%)-40-70-40(4%)-70-40(52% in 3-12 w) and 40-70-40(4%)-70-40(70% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 70-40-70(2%)-40- 70-40(37% in 3-11 w) and 40-70-40(2%)-70(2%)-40(48% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. Seed WC and sown outdoors in December delayed germination until the following October and November when 33% germ. However these seedling were killed by winter and this outdoor treatment is not recommended; The radicle and root system form at 40, and it is best to keep the seedlings at 40 for 2 m after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop on shifting to 70. t1!'t
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around February 14, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on February 13, 2026.

  1. Clean the flesh off the seed

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    3 germinated in this phase.

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  5. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 56 days to germinate.

62% germination in 14–56 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228Public domain
Show the original text
Viburnum (Caprlfollaceae). Viburnums divide into two groups. The first group germ. in a 40-70 pattern. The cotyledons develop within a week or two after germination. This group is adapted to germination in spring and immediate leaf development and growth. The second group germ. in a 40-70-40 pattern with extension into a 40-70-40-70-40 pattern. Germination takes place in a cycle at 40. The seedlings must be kept at 40 for two to three months after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop properly on shifting to 70. Puncturing. the seed coat had no effect in three species. All seed was WC for 1-2 w. Germination was stimulated by GA-3 in V. opulis germ. 70-40(3%)-70-40(62% in 2-8 w) and 40-70-40(18%)-70(3%)- 40(16%)-70-40(14%) for fresh seed, 70(15%)-40-70-40(4%)-70-40(52% in 3-12 w) and 40-70-40(4%)-70-40(70% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 70-40-70(2%)-40- 70-40(37% in 3-11 w) and 40-70-40(2%)-70(2%)-40(48% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. Seed WC and sown outdoors in December delayed germination until the following October and November when 33% germ. However these seedling were killed by winter and this outdoor treatment is not recommended; The radicle and root system form at 40, and it is best to keep the seedlings at 40 for 2 m after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop on shifting to 70. t1!'t
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around January 22, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on January 21, 2025.

  1. Clean the flesh off the seed

  2. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    15 germinated in this phase.

  4. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  5. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  6. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    4 germinated in this phase.

  7. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  8. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 2 years from start to sowing. Then 84 days to germinate.

52% germination in 21–84 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228Public domain
Show the original text
Viburnum (Caprlfollaceae). Viburnums divide into two groups. The first group germ. in a 40-70 pattern. The cotyledons develop within a week or two after germination. This group is adapted to germination in spring and immediate leaf development and growth. The second group germ. in a 40-70-40 pattern with extension into a 40-70-40-70-40 pattern. Germination takes place in a cycle at 40. The seedlings must be kept at 40 for two to three months after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop properly on shifting to 70. Puncturing. the seed coat had no effect in three species. All seed was WC for 1-2 w. Germination was stimulated by GA-3 in V. opulis germ. 70-40(3%)-70-40(62% in 2-8 w) and 40-70-40(18%)-70(3%)- 40(16%)-70-40(14%) for fresh seed, 70(15%)-40-70-40(4%)-70-40(52% in 3-12 w) and 40-70-40(4%)-70-40(70% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 70-40-70(2%)-40- 70-40(37% in 3-11 w) and 40-70-40(2%)-70(2%)-40(48% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. Seed WC and sown outdoors in December delayed germination until the following October and November when 33% germ. However these seedling were killed by winter and this outdoor treatment is not recommended; The radicle and root system form at 40, and it is best to keep the seedlings at 40 for 2 m after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop on shifting to 70. t1!'t
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around April 29, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on April 28, 2025.

  1. Clean the flesh off the seed

  2. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  5. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    2 germinated in this phase.

  6. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    2 germinated in this phase.

  7. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 1.5 years from start to sowing. Then 77 days to germinate.

48% germination in 28–77 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228Public domain
Show the original text
Viburnum (Caprlfollaceae). Viburnums divide into two groups. The first group germ. in a 40-70 pattern. The cotyledons develop within a week or two after germination. This group is adapted to germination in spring and immediate leaf development and growth. The second group germ. in a 40-70-40 pattern with extension into a 40-70-40-70-40 pattern. Germination takes place in a cycle at 40. The seedlings must be kept at 40 for two to three months after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop properly on shifting to 70. Puncturing. the seed coat had no effect in three species. All seed was WC for 1-2 w. Germination was stimulated by GA-3 in V. opulis germ. 70-40(3%)-70-40(62% in 2-8 w) and 40-70-40(18%)-70(3%)- 40(16%)-70-40(14%) for fresh seed, 70(15%)-40-70-40(4%)-70-40(52% in 3-12 w) and 40-70-40(4%)-70-40(70% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 70-40-70(2%)-40- 70-40(37% in 3-11 w) and 40-70-40(2%)-70(2%)-40(48% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. Seed WC and sown outdoors in December delayed germination until the following October and November when 33% germ. However these seedling were killed by winter and this outdoor treatment is not recommended; The radicle and root system form at 40, and it is best to keep the seedlings at 40 for 2 m after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop on shifting to 70. t1!'t
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around January 29, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on January 28, 2025.

  1. Clean the flesh off the seed

  2. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  4. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  5. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    2 germinated in this phase.

  6. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  7. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  8. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 2 years from start to sowing. Then 77 days to germinate.

37% germination in 21–77 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228Public domain
Show the original text
Viburnum (Caprlfollaceae). Viburnums divide into two groups. The first group germ. in a 40-70 pattern. The cotyledons develop within a week or two after germination. This group is adapted to germination in spring and immediate leaf development and growth. The second group germ. in a 40-70-40 pattern with extension into a 40-70-40-70-40 pattern. Germination takes place in a cycle at 40. The seedlings must be kept at 40 for two to three months after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop properly on shifting to 70. Puncturing. the seed coat had no effect in three species. All seed was WC for 1-2 w. Germination was stimulated by GA-3 in V. opulis germ. 70-40(3%)-70-40(62% in 2-8 w) and 40-70-40(18%)-70(3%)- 40(16%)-70-40(14%) for fresh seed, 70(15%)-40-70-40(4%)-70-40(52% in 3-12 w) and 40-70-40(4%)-70-40(70% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 70-40-70(2%)-40- 70-40(37% in 3-11 w) and 40-70-40(2%)-70(2%)-40(48% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. Seed WC and sown outdoors in December delayed germination until the following October and November when 33% germ. However these seedling were killed by winter and this outdoor treatment is not recommended; The radicle and root system form at 40, and it is best to keep the seedlings at 40 for 2 m after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop on shifting to 70. t1!'t
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Clean the flesh off the seed

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  4. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  5. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    3 germinated in this phase.

  6. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    16 germinated in this phase.

  7. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  8. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    14 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 4 run on after germination.

about 9 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

18% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228Public domain
Show the original text
Viburnum (Caprlfollaceae). Viburnums divide into two groups. The first group germ. in a 40-70 pattern. The cotyledons develop within a week or two after germination. This group is adapted to germination in spring and immediate leaf development and growth. The second group germ. in a 40-70-40 pattern with extension into a 40-70-40-70-40 pattern. Germination takes place in a cycle at 40. The seedlings must be kept at 40 for two to three months after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop properly on shifting to 70. Puncturing. the seed coat had no effect in three species. All seed was WC for 1-2 w. Germination was stimulated by GA-3 in V. opulis germ. 70-40(3%)-70-40(62% in 2-8 w) and 40-70-40(18%)-70(3%)- 40(16%)-70-40(14%) for fresh seed, 70(15%)-40-70-40(4%)-70-40(52% in 3-12 w) and 40-70-40(4%)-70-40(70% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 70, and 70-40-70(2%)-40- 70-40(37% in 3-11 w) and 40-70-40(2%)-70(2%)-40(48% in 4-11 w) for seed DS 6 m at 40. Seed WC and sown outdoors in December delayed germination until the following October and November when 33% germ. However these seedling were killed by winter and this outdoor treatment is not recommended; The radicle and root system form at 40, and it is best to keep the seedlings at 40 for 2 m after radicle development is complete in order for the cotyledons to develop on shifting to 70. t1!'t
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Viburnum p. 228. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.