Start around August 20, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on August 19, 2026.
1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
2
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C · Light: either
about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 49 days to germinate.
100% germination in 35–49 days.
This source doesn't state how long.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993
Difficulty LowRated by us, not by the source.
Start around December 14, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.
1
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C · Light: either
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 112 days to germinate.
98% germination in 56–112 days.
This source doesn't state how long.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993
Difficulty LowRated by us, not by the source.
Sow around September 2027 — a date the source gives, not one counted back from a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 2026.
1
Sow outdoors and leave it
Sown outdoors in September; up in April.
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 210 days to germinate.
97% germination in 210 days.
This source doesn't state how long.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993
Difficulty HighRated by us, not by the source.
Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.
1
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: either
2
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C · Light: either
3
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: either
about 9 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.