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Modiola caroliniana

Genus Modiola

A small brick-red flower with five rounded petals and a green centre, low among deeply cut leaves.
FlowerForest & Kim StarrCC BY 3.0

This source reports 6 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around April 1, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 31, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Alternating temperatures

    Temperature: 40–70°F 4–21°C

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 5 days to germinate.

60% germination in 3–5 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59Public domain
Show the original text
Modiola (Malvaceae). M. caroliniana germ. 70D(34% in 3-5 d), 70L{70% in 3-13 d). 70 GA-3(20% in 3-9 d), 40(10%)-70D(7% in 1-3 d), and OS(60% in 3-5 d) After 1 y DS germination decreased to 70D(24% in 4-8 d) and 70L( 21% in 6-10 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 31, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 5 days to germinate.

34% germination in 3–5 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59Public domain
Show the original text
Modiola (Malvaceae). M. caroliniana germ. 70D(34% in 3-5 d), 70L{70% in 3-13 d). 70 GA-3(20% in 3-9 d), 40(10%)-70D(7% in 1-3 d), and OS(60% in 3-5 d) After 1 y DS germination decreased to 70D(24% in 4-8 d) and 70L( 21% in 6-10 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 29, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 28, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 8 days to germinate.

24% germination in 4–8 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59Public domain
Show the original text
Modiola (Malvaceae). M. caroliniana germ. 70D(34% in 3-5 d), 70L{70% in 3-13 d). 70 GA-3(20% in 3-9 d), 40(10%)-70D(7% in 1-3 d), and OS(60% in 3-5 d) After 1 y DS germination decreased to 70D(24% in 4-8 d) and 70L( 21% in 6-10 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 27, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 26, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 10 days to germinate.

21% germination in 6–10 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59Public domain
Show the original text
Modiola (Malvaceae). M. caroliniana germ. 70D(34% in 3-5 d), 70L{70% in 3-13 d). 70 GA-3(20% in 3-9 d), 40(10%)-70D(7% in 1-3 d), and OS(60% in 3-5 d) After 1 y DS germination decreased to 70D(24% in 4-8 d) and 70L( 21% in 6-10 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 28, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 27, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Gibberellic acid soak

  3. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 9 days to germinate.

20% germination in 3–9 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59Public domain
Show the original text
Modiola (Malvaceae). M. caroliniana germ. 70D(34% in 3-5 d), 70L{70% in 3-13 d). 70 GA-3(20% in 3-9 d), 40(10%)-70D(7% in 1-3 d), and OS(60% in 3-5 d) After 1 y DS germination decreased to 70D(24% in 4-8 d) and 70L( 21% in 6-10 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around December 16, 2026 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on December 15, 2025.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

    7 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 15 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

10% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59Public domain
Show the original text
Modiola (Malvaceae). M. caroliniana germ. 70D(34% in 3-5 d), 70L{70% in 3-13 d). 70 GA-3(20% in 3-9 d), 40(10%)-70D(7% in 1-3 d), and OS(60% in 3-5 d) After 1 y DS germination decreased to 70D(24% in 4-8 d) and 70L( 21% in 6-10 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Modiola p. 59. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.

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