Deno’s Garden

Abutilon theophrasti

Velvetleaf · Buttonweed · Abutilon-hemp · American-jute · Butterprint

Family MalvaceaeGenus Abutilon

A yellow five-petalled flower with a boss of stamens, beside a heart-shaped leaf
FlowerI.Sáček, seniorPublic domain

About the plant

What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.

Habit
Annual, Forb/herbPLANTS Database
Native range
North AmericaGBIF Backbone Taxonomy

Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.

Sources: PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

This source reports three treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around January 25, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 70 days to germinate.

5% germination in 7–70 days.

Germination is erratic. Neither a prior three months at 40 nor outdoor treatment made any difference.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Abutilon p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
If the opening is not made, germination ranges from 5- 25% and takes place erratically over 1-10 w whether sown at 70 (with or without a prior 3 m at 40) or in outdoor treatment.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Abutilon p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

  1. Hot-water treatment

    Temperature: 140°F 60°C Amount: 10 min

    Ten minutes immersed in water at 140.

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

Reported to Deno by Prof. Roger Koide of Penn State University.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Abutilon p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
Prof. Roger Koide of Penn State Univ. found that germination is immediate if the seed is immersed in water at 140 for 10 minutes.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Abutilon p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around April 3, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Nick or sand the seed coat

    Grind an opening through the seed coat.

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 2 days to germinate.

Germinates in 2 days.

Deno prints the percentage as "190%", which cannot be read with confidence, so no figure is given here.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Abutilon p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
A..theOphrasti germ. 190% iri.2 d at 70 if an opening is ground through the, seed coat.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Abutilon p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.