Deno’s Garden

Malus baccata

Genus Malus

This source reports 9 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around February 1, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 63 days to germinate.

100% germination in 35–63 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around October 4, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 3 days to germinate.

100% germination in 3 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around May 6, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on May 5, 2025.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    15 germinated in this phase.

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    3 germinated in this phase.

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    70 germinated in this phase.

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    3 germinated in this phase.

  5. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  6. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    85 germinated in this phase.

  7. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  8. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    75 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 7 run on after germination.

about 1.5 years from start to sowing. Then 70 days to germinate.

100% germination in 14–70 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around July 23, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on July 22, 2026.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    60 germinated in this phase.

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    50 germinated in this phase.

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    30 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 77 days to germinate.

88% germination in 14–77 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around February 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 56 days to germinate.

86% germination in 14–56 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around February 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 56 days to germinate.

86% germination in 21–56 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 7

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around November 3, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    70 germinated in this phase.

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    9 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 1 run on after germination.

about 3 months from start to sowing. Then 63 days to germinate.

86% germination in 14–63 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 8

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 29, 2026 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 28, 2025.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    11 germinated in this phase.

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    15 germinated in this phase.

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    25 germinated in this phase.

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    25 germinated in this phase.

  5. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    12 germinated in this phase.

  6. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  7. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    65 germinated in this phase.

  8. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    20 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 6 run on after germination.

about 18 months from start to sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.

75% germination in 14 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 9

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    2 germinated in this phase.

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

Steps after step 3 run on after germination.

about 9 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

44% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Malus p. 176Public domain
Show the original text
Malus (Rosaceae). One species, one commercial apple, and tour hybrid crabapples were studied. Most of the germination occurred in the first cycle if sown at 40 and in a 70-4090 pattern if sown at 70. The fruits were collected in winter and the seeds WC for a week. The data is presented in a Table. Storing the seed for 6 m in the dried fruit gave the same results as seed stored WC. Seeds of Malus "Red Splendor germ. slower and in lower percentage when treated with GA-3. Fresh Seed Seed OS 6 m at 70 or 40 M. baccata 70(2%)-40-70(44%) 70-4040(60-90% in 1-4 d) 40(88% in 2-11 w) 40(50% in 2-11 w)-70(30%) M. "Bob White 40(86% in 2-8 w) . 40(86% in 3-8 w) M. "Donald Wyman" 40(86% in 2-9 w) 40(70%)-70(9%) M. "Red Splendor" 70(15%)-40(3%)-70(70%) 70(3%)-40-70(85%) 40(100% in 2-10w) 40(75% in 2-5 w) M. "Yellow Delicious" 40(100% in 5-9 w) .. M. (yellow,fruit) 70(11%) 70(15%)-40(25%)-70(25%) 40(12%)-70(75% in 2nd w) 40(65% in 10-12 w)-70(20%) The commercial hybrid Joneliscious germ. 40-70(100% on 3rd d) and 70D(alI rotted by the 11th w). Treatmentwith GA-3 led to extensive rotting at 40 or 70.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Malus p. 176. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.