Deno’s Garden

Betula nana

Genus Betula

This source reports 7 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around December 22, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

about 3 months from start to sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.

38% germination in 14 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Betula (Betulaceae). Light and/or 40-70 patterns were best. B. nana germ. 70L (20%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 10%/d), 70 GA-3 (34%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 20%/d), 70D-40-70D(24% in 1-4 w), 40-70L(2%), 40- 70D(none), and 5% in OT. After 3 m DS seeds germ. 70L(38% in 2nd w) and 70D(none). The seeds were difficult to count so that the percent germinations in 70L could have been equal for seed fresh and DS 3 m. Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70L(none) and 70D(3%) and are nearly dead, but the light requirement may have disappeared.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 24, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Gibberellic acid soak

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 12 days to germinate.

34% germination in 12 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Betula (Betulaceae). Light and/or 40-70 patterns were best. B. nana germ. 70L (20%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 10%/d), 70 GA-3 (34%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 20%/d), 70D-40-70D(24% in 1-4 w), 40-70L(2%), 40- 70D(none), and 5% in OT. After 3 m DS seeds germ. 70L(38% in 2nd w) and 70D(none). The seeds were difficult to count so that the percent germinations in 70L could have been equal for seed fresh and DS 3 m. Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70L(none) and 70D(3%) and are nearly dead, but the light requirement may have disappeared.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 12, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 11, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 9 months from start to sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

24% germination in 7–28 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Betula (Betulaceae). Light and/or 40-70 patterns were best. B. nana germ. 70L (20%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 10%/d), 70 GA-3 (34%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 20%/d), 70D-40-70D(24% in 1-4 w), 40-70L(2%), 40- 70D(none), and 5% in OT. After 3 m DS seeds germ. 70L(38% in 2nd w) and 70D(none). The seeds were difficult to count so that the percent germinations in 70L could have been equal for seed fresh and DS 3 m. Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70L(none) and 70D(3%) and are nearly dead, but the light requirement may have disappeared.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 24, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 12 days to germinate.

20% germination in 12 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Betula (Betulaceae). Light and/or 40-70 patterns were best. B. nana germ. 70L (20%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 10%/d), 70 GA-3 (34%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 20%/d), 70D-40-70D(24% in 1-4 w), 40-70L(2%), 40- 70D(none), and 5% in OT. After 3 m DS seeds germ. 70L(38% in 2nd w) and 70D(none). The seeds were difficult to count so that the percent germinations in 70L could have been equal for seed fresh and DS 3 m. Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70L(none) and 70D(3%) and are nearly dead, but the light requirement may have disappeared.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

  1. Sow outdoors and leave it

No stated waiting before sowing.

5% germination.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Betula (Betulaceae). Light and/or 40-70 patterns were best. B. nana germ. 70L (20%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 10%/d), 70 GA-3 (34%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 20%/d), 70D-40-70D(24% in 1-4 w), 40-70L(2%), 40- 70D(none), and 5% in OT. After 3 m DS seeds germ. 70L(38% in 2nd w) and 70D(none). The seeds were difficult to count so that the percent germinations in 70L could have been equal for seed fresh and DS 3 m. Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70L(none) and 70D(3%) and are nearly dead, but the light requirement may have disappeared.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 16, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 15, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 12 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

3% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Betula (Betulaceae). Light and/or 40-70 patterns were best. B. nana germ. 70L (20%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 10%/d), 70 GA-3 (34%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 20%/d), 70D-40-70D(24% in 1-4 w), 40-70L(2%), 40- 70D(none), and 5% in OT. After 3 m DS seeds germ. 70L(38% in 2nd w) and 70D(none). The seeds were difficult to count so that the percent germinations in 70L could have been equal for seed fresh and DS 3 m. Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70L(none) and 70D(3%) and are nearly dead, but the light requirement may have disappeared.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 7

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

about 6 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

2% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Betula (Betulaceae). Light and/or 40-70 patterns were best. B. nana germ. 70L (20%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 10%/d), 70 GA-3 (34%, zero order kinetics, ind. 12 d, 20%/d), 70D-40-70D(24% in 1-4 w), 40-70L(2%), 40- 70D(none), and 5% in OT. After 3 m DS seeds germ. 70L(38% in 2nd w) and 70D(none). The seeds were difficult to count so that the percent germinations in 70L could have been equal for seed fresh and DS 3 m. Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70L(none) and 70D(3%) and are nearly dead, but the light requirement may have disappeared.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Betula p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.