Deno’s Garden

Tsuga canadensis

Genus Tsuga

This source reports 6 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around July 16, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on July 15, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 84 days to germinate.

70% germination in 84 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
Tsuga (Pinaceae). T. canadensis showed a curious effect on DS at 70. Fresh seeds germ. 70D-40(5%)-70(31% in 1-5 w) and 40(68% in 12th w)-70(11%). Seeds DS 6 m germ. 70D(10% in 12th w)-40(none) and 40(70% in 12th w). Seeds DS 12 m germ. 70D(all,rotted) and 40-70D(23% in 3rd w). Seeds DS 2 y germ. 4Ö-70D{4%) and 70D-40(4%)-70D(23% in 3rd w), and seeds DS 3 y were dead. The interpretation is that the seeds are dying in DS. After 12 m of DS the seeds require increasing times at 40 before they will germinate.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around October 13, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    11 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 1 run on after germination.

about 3 months from start to sowing. Then 84 days to germinate.

68% germination in 84 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
Tsuga (Pinaceae). T. canadensis showed a curious effect on DS at 70. Fresh seeds germ. 70D-40(5%)-70(31% in 1-5 w) and 40(68% in 12th w)-70(11%). Seeds DS 6 m germ. 70D(10% in 12th w)-40(none) and 40(70% in 12th w). Seeds DS 12 m germ. 70D(all,rotted) and 40-70D(23% in 3rd w). Seeds DS 2 y germ. 4Ö-70D{4%) and 70D-40(4%)-70D(23% in 3rd w), and seeds DS 3 y were dead. The interpretation is that the seeds are dying in DS. After 12 m of DS the seeds require increasing times at 40 before they will germinate.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 5, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 4, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    5 germinated in this phase.

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 9 months from start to sowing. Then 35 days to germinate.

31% germination in 7–35 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
Tsuga (Pinaceae). T. canadensis showed a curious effect on DS at 70. Fresh seeds germ. 70D-40(5%)-70(31% in 1-5 w) and 40(68% in 12th w)-70(11%). Seeds DS 6 m germ. 70D(10% in 12th w)-40(none) and 40(70% in 12th w). Seeds DS 12 m germ. 70D(all,rotted) and 40-70D(23% in 3rd w). Seeds DS 2 y germ. 4Ö-70D{4%) and 70D-40(4%)-70D(23% in 3rd w), and seeds DS 3 y were dead. The interpretation is that the seeds are dying in DS. After 12 m of DS the seeds require increasing times at 40 before they will germinate.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 22, 2026 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 21, 2025.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 360 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 18 months from start to sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.

23% germination in 21 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
Tsuga (Pinaceae). T. canadensis showed a curious effect on DS at 70. Fresh seeds germ. 70D-40(5%)-70(31% in 1-5 w) and 40(68% in 12th w)-70(11%). Seeds DS 6 m germ. 70D(10% in 12th w)-40(none) and 40(70% in 12th w). Seeds DS 12 m germ. 70D(all,rotted) and 40-70D(23% in 3rd w). Seeds DS 2 y germ. 4Ö-70D{4%) and 70D-40(4%)-70D(23% in 3rd w), and seeds DS 3 y were dead. The interpretation is that the seeds are dying in DS. After 12 m of DS the seeds require increasing times at 40 before they will germinate.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2024.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 730 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    4 germinated in this phase.

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 2.5 years from start to sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.

23% germination in 21 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
Tsuga (Pinaceae). T. canadensis showed a curious effect on DS at 70. Fresh seeds germ. 70D-40(5%)-70(31% in 1-5 w) and 40(68% in 12th w)-70(11%). Seeds DS 6 m germ. 70D(10% in 12th w)-40(none) and 40(70% in 12th w). Seeds DS 12 m germ. 70D(all,rotted) and 40-70D(23% in 3rd w). Seeds DS 2 y germ. 4Ö-70D{4%) and 70D-40(4%)-70D(23% in 3rd w), and seeds DS 3 y were dead. The interpretation is that the seeds are dying in DS. After 12 m of DS the seeds require increasing times at 40 before they will germinate.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around April 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on April 16, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 9 months from start to sowing. Then 84 days to germinate.

10% germination in 84 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83Public domain
Show the original text
Tsuga (Pinaceae). T. canadensis showed a curious effect on DS at 70. Fresh seeds germ. 70D-40(5%)-70(31% in 1-5 w) and 40(68% in 12th w)-70(11%). Seeds DS 6 m germ. 70D(10% in 12th w)-40(none) and 40(70% in 12th w). Seeds DS 12 m germ. 70D(all,rotted) and 40-70D(23% in 3rd w). Seeds DS 2 y germ. 4Ö-70D{4%) and 70D-40(4%)-70D(23% in 3rd w), and seeds DS 3 y were dead. The interpretation is that the seeds are dying in DS. After 12 m of DS the seeds require increasing times at 40 before they will germinate.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Tsuga p. 83. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.