Deno’s Garden

Liquidambar styraciflua

Genus Liquidambar

This source reports 4 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    18 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 6 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

82% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172Public domain
Show the original text
Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae). L. styraciflua seed is contained in spheres in which the pointed tips of the capsules gives the sphere a spiny appearance. By the time the capsules fall to the ground the seed has been shed. Drying causes the tips of the capsules to open. Many flakes of resin fall out, and these could be mistaken for seed. The true seeds are relatively larger and fewer. Germination was best with seed DS 6 m at 70 which germ. 75% when Sown at 70 and none when sown at 40. Germination with seed DS 6 m at 40 was similar as shown by 70(62%) and 40(6%)-70(6%) Germination was more extended with fresh seed as shown by 70(14%)-40-70(48%) and 40-70(82%)-40-70( 18%).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

62% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172Public domain
Show the original text
Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae). L. styraciflua seed is contained in spheres in which the pointed tips of the capsules gives the sphere a spiny appearance. By the time the capsules fall to the ground the seed has been shed. Drying causes the tips of the capsules to open. Many flakes of resin fall out, and these could be mistaken for seed. The true seeds are relatively larger and fewer. Germination was best with seed DS 6 m at 70 which germ. 75% when Sown at 70 and none when sown at 40. Germination with seed DS 6 m at 40 was similar as shown by 70(62%) and 40(6%)-70(6%) Germination was more extended with fresh seed as shown by 70(14%)-40-70(48%) and 40-70(82%)-40-70( 18%).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    14 germinated in this phase.

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

about 9 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

48% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172Public domain
Show the original text
Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae). L. styraciflua seed is contained in spheres in which the pointed tips of the capsules gives the sphere a spiny appearance. By the time the capsules fall to the ground the seed has been shed. Drying causes the tips of the capsules to open. Many flakes of resin fall out, and these could be mistaken for seed. The true seeds are relatively larger and fewer. Germination was best with seed DS 6 m at 70 which germ. 75% when Sown at 70 and none when sown at 40. Germination with seed DS 6 m at 40 was similar as shown by 70(62%) and 40(6%)-70(6%) Germination was more extended with fresh seed as shown by 70(14%)-40-70(48%) and 40-70(82%)-40-70( 18%).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around December 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    6 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 1 run on after germination.

about 3 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

6% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172Public domain
Show the original text
Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae). L. styraciflua seed is contained in spheres in which the pointed tips of the capsules gives the sphere a spiny appearance. By the time the capsules fall to the ground the seed has been shed. Drying causes the tips of the capsules to open. Many flakes of resin fall out, and these could be mistaken for seed. The true seeds are relatively larger and fewer. Germination was best with seed DS 6 m at 70 which germ. 75% when Sown at 70 and none when sown at 40. Germination with seed DS 6 m at 40 was similar as shown by 70(62%) and 40(6%)-70(6%) Germination was more extended with fresh seed as shown by 70(14%)-40-70(48%) and 40-70(82%)-40-70( 18%).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Liquidambar p. 172. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.