Deno’s Garden

Bupleurum rotundifolium

Genus Bupleurum

Two sources report 13 treatments between them. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

90% germination in 28 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1998 · 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). The three species were received in Feb. and presumably had been DS about 6 m. An additional 1 y of DS at 70 was fatal for B. rotundifolium germ. 40(92% in 4th w) and-70D(12% in 2nd w)-40(40% in 4th w). OT treatment was essentialiy equivalent to the germination at 40. A second sample germ. 40(90% in 4th w) and 70D(77% in 1-3 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement, 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

92% germination in 28 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1998 · 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). The three species were received in Feb. and presumably had been DS about 6 m. An additional 1 y of DS at 70 was fatal for B. rotundifolium germ. 40(92% in 4th w) and-70D(12% in 2nd w)-40(40% in 4th w). OT treatment was essentialiy equivalent to the germination at 40. A second sample germ. 40(90% in 4th w) and 70D(77% in 1-3 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement, 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.

77% germination in 7–21 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1998 · 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). The three species were received in Feb. and presumably had been DS about 6 m. An additional 1 y of DS at 70 was fatal for B. rotundifolium germ. 40(92% in 4th w) and-70D(12% in 2nd w)-40(40% in 4th w). OT treatment was essentialiy equivalent to the germination at 40. A second sample germ. 40(90% in 4th w) and 70D(77% in 1-3 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement, 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 10, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 9, 2026.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

    12 germinated in this phase.

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

40% germination in 28 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1998 · 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). The three species were received in Feb. and presumably had been DS about 6 m. An additional 1 y of DS at 70 was fatal for B. rotundifolium germ. 40(92% in 4th w) and-70D(12% in 2nd w)-40(40% in 4th w). OT treatment was essentialiy equivalent to the germination at 40. A second sample germ. 40(90% in 4th w) and 70D(77% in 1-3 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd Supplement, 2nd Supplement, Bupleurum p. 20. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 10, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 9, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

90% germination in 28 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 10, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 9, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

92% germination in 28 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 7

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around February 16, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on February 15, 2025.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 730 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Temperature: 40°F 4°C

about 2 years from start to sowing. Then 49 days to germinate.

38% germination in 35–49 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 8

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Gibberellic acid soak

  3. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

13% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 9

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Sow around February 2027 — a date the source gives, not one counted back from a May 3 last frost.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow outdoors and leave it

    Sown outdoors in February; up in March.

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 30 days to germinate.

87% germination in 30 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 10

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    4 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 9 months from start to sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.

77% germination in 7–21 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 11

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around May 22, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on May 21, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    12 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 9 months from start to sowing. Then 49 days to germinate.

48% germination in 7–49 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 12

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 14, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 13, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

    14 germinated in this phase.

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

27% germination in 28 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 13

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 14, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 13, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

    11 germinated in this phase.

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.

52% germination in 28 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26Public domain
Show the original text
Bupleurum (Apiaceae). B. rotundifolium germ. best at 40. Seeds DS 6 m germ. 40(90% in 4th w), 70D(77% in 1-3 w)-40(4% in 3rd w), 70L(48% in 1-7 w)-40(12%), and 70 GA-3(13%). Seed DS 1 y gave the same germination. A second sample also DS 6 m germ. 40(92% in 4th w), 70D(14% in 1-8 w)-40(27% in 4th w), 70L(11%)-40(52% in 4th w), and OT(87% in March, started in Feb.). The OT treatment was in effect germination at 40. About half the seeds died after 2 y DS as shown by 40(38% in 5-7 w).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Bupleurum p. 26. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.