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Urochloa dictyoneura

Genus Urochloa

A pressed herbarium specimen of a grass with long flat leaf blades and slender flowering spikes, with a printed Flora of Mozambique label
IllustrationBoard of Trustees, RBG KewCC BY 3.0

This source reports 10 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 24, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 23, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Alternating temperatures

    Temperature: 40–70°F 4–21°C

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.

68% germination in 14 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around March 28, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 27, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Alternating temperatures

    Temperature: 40–70°F 4–21°C

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 9 days to germinate.

46% germination in 5–9 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 24, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 23, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.

36% germination in 14 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around April 1, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on March 31, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 365 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 12 months from start to sowing. Then 5 days to germinate.

36% germination in 5 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 5

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around November 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 120 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Alternating temperatures

    Temperature: 40–70°F 4–21°C

about 4 months from start to sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.

28% germination in 21 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 6

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Sow around October 2027 — a date the source gives, not one counted back from a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on October 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 120 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow outdoors and leave it

    Sown outdoors in October; up in November.

about 4 months from start to sowing. Then 30 days to germinate.

11% germination in 30 days.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 7

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around May 20, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on May 19, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 120 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

about 10 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

10% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 8

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around August 25, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on August 24, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 120 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

    4 germinated in this phase.

Steps after step 2 run on after germination.

about 7 months from start to sowing. Then 14 days to germinate.

9% germination in 14 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 9

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around November 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 120 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 4 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

6% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 10

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around November 15, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 120 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Gibberellic acid soak

  3. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C

about 4 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

6% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement — N. C. Deno, 1996 · 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25Public domain
Show the original text
Brachiaria (Poaceae). B. dictyoneura seeds germ. best in OS treatment, but with DS the germination in 70D gradually approached that in OS treatment. Seeds DS 4 m germ. OS(28% in 3rd w), 70L(9% in 2nd w)-40-70D(4%), 70D(6%), 70 GA-3(6%), OT(11% in Nov. from seed placed outdoors in October), 40-70L(10%), and 40-70D(none). Seeds DS 6 m germ. OS(68% in 2nd w) and 70D(36% in 2nd w), and seeds DS 1 y germ. OS(46% in 5-9 d) and 70D(36% on 5th d). Seeds DS 1 y germ. 70D(36% on 5th d) and OS(46% in 5-9 d).
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 1st Supplement, 1st Supplement, Brachiaria p. 25. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.

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