Two sources report 4 treatments between them. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
- 2
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
- 3
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
- 4
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
1/4 germinated in this phase.
Steps after step 2 run on after germination.
about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.
25% germination in 21 days.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1998Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around July 2, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on July 1, 2026.
- 1
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
- 2
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
- 3
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
about 9 months from start to sowing. Then 8 days to germinate.
33% germination in 8 days.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996- 1
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C
No stated waiting before sowing.
0% germination.
Nothing germinated at 40.
This source doesn't state how long.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1996Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.
- 1
Sow outdoors and leave it
Nothing germinated outdoors.
No stated waiting before sowing.
0% germination.
This source doesn't state how long.
How each step is done, in Deno’s words, and what Verified and Derived mean.