Deno’s Garden

Campanula americana

Genus Campanula

This source reports 4 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 30, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 7 days to germinate.

90% germination in 3–7 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110Public domain
Show the original text
Campanula (Campanulaceae). Most species are D-70 germinators. There are some that are 40-70 germinators and photorequirers and C. americana in that DS 6 m at 70 or 40, an initial 3 m at 40, and light at 70 all promote germination. Omission of either the DS or the 3 m at 40 causes total failure. Germination of 90% can be achieved in the following three ways: fresh seed in 40-70L(90% in 2-4 d), fresh seed in outdoor treatment with germination in February through April, and DS seed in 70L(90% in 3-7 d). Other treatments including certain dark treatments give satisfactory (but not optimum) germination. For example 40-70D(40%) for fresh seed and 70D(60-80%) for DS seed.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around October 3, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: light

about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 4 days to germinate.

90% germination in 2–4 days.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110Public domain
Show the original text
Campanula (Campanulaceae). Most species are D-70 germinators. There are some that are 40-70 germinators and photorequirers and C. americana in that DS 6 m at 70 or 40, an initial 3 m at 40, and light at 70 all promote germination. Omission of either the DS or the 3 m at 40 causes total failure. Germination of 90% can be achieved in the following three ways: fresh seed in 40-70L(90% in 2-4 d), fresh seed in outdoor treatment with germination in February through April, and DS seed in 70L(90% in 3-7 d). Other treatments including certain dark treatments give satisfactory (but not optimum) germination. For example 40-70D(40%) for fresh seed and 70D(60-80%) for DS seed.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.

  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    Temperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 6 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

60% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110Public domain
Show the original text
Campanula (Campanulaceae). Most species are D-70 germinators. There are some that are 40-70 germinators and photorequirers and C. americana in that DS 6 m at 70 or 40, an initial 3 m at 40, and light at 70 all promote germination. Omission of either the DS or the 3 m at 40 causes total failure. Germination of 90% can be achieved in the following three ways: fresh seed in 40-70L(90% in 2-4 d), fresh seed in outdoor treatment with germination in February through April, and DS seed in 70L(90% in 3-7 d). Other treatments including certain dark treatments give satisfactory (but not optimum) germination. For example 40-70D(40%) for fresh seed and 70D(60-80%) for DS seed.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around September 17, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on September 16, 2026.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C Light: dark

about 6 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

40% germination.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110Public domain
Show the original text
Campanula (Campanulaceae). Most species are D-70 germinators. There are some that are 40-70 germinators and photorequirers and C. americana in that DS 6 m at 70 or 40, an initial 3 m at 40, and light at 70 all promote germination. Omission of either the DS or the 3 m at 40 causes total failure. Germination of 90% can be achieved in the following three ways: fresh seed in 40-70L(90% in 2-4 d), fresh seed in outdoor treatment with germination in February through April, and DS seed in 70L(90% in 3-7 d). Other treatments including certain dark treatments give satisfactory (but not optimum) germination. For example 40-70D(40%) for fresh seed and 70D(60-80%) for DS seed.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Campanula p. 110. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.